Philosophy

Deconstruction has both fierce critics and staunch defenders. How did it start, and what makes it so controversial yet appealing?

A religious academic of fame and privilege, Al-Ghazālī left it all behind in search of spiritual fulfillment.

In Zoroastrian dualism, life is shown as a moral battleground in which deciding to embrace truth, goodness, and light helps shape the world's future.

Camus’s novel is translated into English as "The Stranger" in the US and "The Outsider" in the UK. What difference does translation make?

On a youthful trip to Italy, Camus was inspired by a Renaissance fresco to develop his philosophy of the absurd.

Scholars call Meursault cold, inept, and unreflective. But the novel tells a very different story. Here is what the text actually shows.

While hedonism advocates seeking fleeting delights, Epicureanism suggests cultivating long-term peace and fulfillment.

Piet Mondrian’s theory of rhythm in painting is original and alien to classical conceptions of rhythm, as is evident from his complicated writings on art.